There was later an attempted attack in the south of Devon, though the English mounted a successful defence at Exeter. [4], Because the nickname was first recorded in the 1180s, more than 150 years after Æthelred's death, it is doubtful that it carries any implications as to the reputation of the king in the eyes of his contemporaries or near contemporaries. Chief among the rehabilitators has been Simon Keynes, who has often argued that our poor impression of Æthelred is almost entirely based upon after-the-fact accounts of, and later accretions to, the narrative of events during Æthelred's long and complex reign. Keynes and others thus draw attention to some of the inevitable snares of investigating the history of a man whom later popular opinion has utterly damned. [3] It was most often used in reference to decisions and deeds, but once in reference to the ill-advised disobedience of Adam and Eve. But there is much about episode 5 of The Last Kingdom which pushes us from the comforts of traditional mid-season territory. Stenton summarises the events of the poem: For access to the mainland they (the Danes) depended on a causeway, flooded at high tide, which led from Northey to the flats along the southern margin of the estuary. Then the king sent his son Edward hither with his messengers and bade them greet all his people and said that he would be a gracious (hold) lord to them, and reform all the things which they hated; and all the things which had been said and done against him should be forgiven on condition that they all unanimously turned to him (to him gecyrdon) without treachery. [13] Though little is known about Edward's short reign, it is known that it was marked by political turmoil. And complete friendship was then established with oath and pledge (mid worde and mid wædde) on both sides, and they pronounced every Danish king an exile from England forever. One of the main characters in the series is Aethelred (played by Toby Regbo), Lord of Mercia, who is married to Aethelflaed (Milly Brady). Aelfwynn's paternity is still in question, and Erik the Dane may well be her father, but Aethelred doesn't know that. Arrogant lord of Mercia. Aethelred was an ambitious leader on The Last Kingdom with the wrong motive, always seeking to become greater by exterminating those around him. RELATED: The Last Kingdom: Why Edward Is Bad For The Saxons (& Why He Will Be Their Savior). & niman þonne þa tihtbysian men, þe mid þam gerefan habbað, & heora ælc sylle VI healfmarc wedd, healf landrican & healf wæpentake. [44], "Æthelred II" redirects here. He may actually have been expanding an established English custom for use among the Danish citizens in the North (the Danelaw). [14] Simon Keynes notes that "Byrhtferth of Ramsey states similarly that when Æthelred was consecrated king, by Archbishop Dunstan and Archbishop Oswald, 'there was great joy at his consecration', and describes the king in this connection as 'a young man in respect of years, elegant in his manners, with an attractive face and handsome appearance'. Aethelred proved himself as an unfit leader when he ordered Aldhelm to seduce Aethelflaed so he could divorce her for infidelity. The Big Bang Theory: What Are The Main Characters' Jobs? [n 2] The Anglo-Saxon noun unræd means "evil counsel", "bad plan", or "folly". The attempt also served to push Aethelflaed closer to Uhtred, which meant Aethelred had lost her forever. The Last Kingdom (TV Series 2015– ) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. It is my wish that each person be in surety, both within settled areas and without. He's unloyal to the king and could not be a worse husband to Lady Æthelflæd. The terms of this agreement are of great constitutional interest in early English History as they are the first recorded pact between a King and his subjects and are also widely regarded as showing that many English noblemen had submitted to Sweyn simply because of their distrust of Æthelred. His brother's murder was carried out by supporters of his own claim to the throne, although he was too young to have any personal involvement. When his marriage to Aethelflaed failed, he didn't understand the need to stay close to her. With what even those who admired him most called 'over-courage', Byrhtnoth agreed to this; the pirates rushed through the falling tide, and battle was joined. Even with the paternity question, Aethelred should have recognized that Aelfwynn was an innocent child and the only legitimate child he had. In stark contrast, the battle plays out disastrously for the Saxons in The Last Kingdom. Hampshire, Thanet and Cheshire were attacked in 980, Devon and Cornwall in 981, and Dorsetin 982. When Aethelflaed saw the man she was matched with, she was relieved because it wasn't an old man that would probably make her marriage unhappy but she was wrong. NEXT: The 10 Best British Shows On Netflix, Ranked (According To IMDb), Billy Oduory is an author and editor with a vast experience in creating interesting entertainment reads. One such anecdote is given by William of Malmesbury (lived c. 1080 – c. 1143), who reports that Æthelred had defecated in the baptismal font as a child, which led St Dunstan to prophesy that the English monarchy would be overthrown during his reign. [35] Æthelred makes provision for such a body in a law code he enacted at Wantage in 997, which states: þæt man habbe gemot on ælcum wæpentace; & gan ut þa yldestan XII þegnas & se gerefa mid, & swerian on þam haligdome, þe heom man on hand sylle, þæt hig nellan nænne sacleasan man forsecgean ne nænne sacne forhelan. If Aethelflaed had disclosed the plot to Alfred, the peace between Mercia and Wessex would have ended, which would have meant the end of his rule in Mercia as well. Instead, he chose to dismiss the little girl, calling her a Half-Dane as an insult to Aethelflaed. Even after Uhtred rescued Aethelflaed from Erik, Aethelred never trusted her again, so it effectively ended their short-lived marriage. Aethelred of Mercia was married to Aethelflaed (Millie Brady), the daughter of King Alfred (David Dawson), in the series. Edmund's reputation as a warrior was such that Cnut nevertheless agreed to divide England, Edmund taking Wessex and Cnut the whole of the country beyond the Thames. RELATED: The Last Kingdom: 10 Things That Should Happen In Season 5. He was saved and brought back to the kingdom but realised he was dying and in his last moments, fans saw him in a completely different light. "[14], In 997, Danish raids began again. Both boys, Æthelred certainly, were too young to have played any significant part in the political manoeuvring which followed Edgar's death. Æthelred's cause was led by his mother and included Ælfhere, Ealdorman of Mercia and Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester,[10][11] while Edward's claim was supported by Dunstan, the Archbishop of Canterbury and Oswald, the Archbishop of York[12] among other noblemen, notably Æthelwine, Ealdorman of East Anglia, and Byrhtnoth, ealdorman of Essex. In 999, it raided Kent, and, in 1000, it left England for Normandy, perhaps because the English had refused in this latest wave of attacks to acquiesce to the Danish demands for gafol or tribute, which would come to be known as Danegeld, 'Dane-payment'. Æthelred's frequent payments of immense Danegelds are often held up as exemplary of the incompetency of his government and his own short-sightedness. In season 4 of The Last Kingdom, fans are introduced to a number of new characters. The star has just been cast in a new role and Express.co.uk has all you need to know about where he is now. A period of six years then passed before, in 988, another coastal attack is recorded as having taken plac… After receiving gifts, Olaf promised "that he would never come back to England in hostility. Fact title. Aethelred. In 1013, King Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark invaded England, as a result of which Æthelred fled to Normandy in 1013 and was replaced by Sweyn. In 1008, the government created a new fleet of warships, organised on a national scale, but this was weakened when one of its commanders took to piracy, and the king and his council decided not to risk it in a general action. If Aethelred had given Aethelflaed a chance to be a partner and friend, he would have achieved his ambition of becoming a true King of Mercia. [35] Recently, the legal historians Patrick Wormald and Michael Macnair have reasserted arguments in favour of finding in practices current during the Anglo-Saxon period traces of the Angevin practice of conducting inquests using bodies of sworn, private witnesses. You can follow him on Twitter @billyoduory, All the latest gaming news, game reviews and trailers. Uhtred is the bridge between Saxons and Danes with friends on both sides of the divide. Features Millie Brady’s Aethelflaed had a love affair with a Viking warrior after marrying the cruel Aethelred of Mercia… "[14] Olaf then left England for Norway and never returned, though "other component parts of the Viking force appear to have decided to stay in England, for it is apparent from the treaty that some had chosen to enter into King Æthelred's service as mercenaries, based presumably on the Isle of Wight. Aethelred had been left severely injured following the Battle of Tettenhall, when he fell backward and hit his head. According to Keynes, "there is no suggestion that this was a new fleet or army, and presumably the mercenary force created in 994 from the residue of the raiding army of 991 had turned on those whom it had been hired to protect. The crews of the Danish ships in the Trent that had supported Sweyn immediately swore their allegiance to Sweyn's son Cnut the Great, but leading English noblemen sent a deputation to Æthelred to negotiate his restoration to the throne. Nevertheless, Æthelred must have felt at a loss, and, in the Spring of 1002, the English bought a truce for £24,000. It was only the people of the Kingdom of Lindsey (modern North Lincolnshire) who supported Cnut. Related: The Last Kingdom season 5 - everything you need to know Aethelred was actually a pragmatic and effective ruler who never lost Mercia to the Danes. Actor Toby Regbo played the antagonistic lord Aethelred in the historical drama, and he was killed off in a dramatic scene. To Aethelred, Eardwulf was Aldhelm's replacement, but eventually, his doom. However, Edmund died on 30 November and Cnut became king of the whole country. England had experienced a period of peace after the reconquest of the Danelaw in the mid-10th century by King Edgar, Æthelred's father. However, he returned as king for two years after Sweyn's death in 1014. Æthelred has been credited with the formation of a local investigative body made up of twelve thegns who were charged with publishing the names of any notorious or wicked men in their respective districts. Mercia shared a border with Danes, which is why Coewulf sought an alliance with Wessex in the first place. Thus Æþelræd Unræd is an oxymoron: "Noble counsel, No counsel". The tomb and his monument in the quire at Old St Paul's Cathedral[26] were destroyed along with the cathedral in the Great Fire of London in 1666. •We met a new character in Osferth, Leofric’s nephew, Alfred’s illegitimate son, and a monk who would rather be a warrior: perhaps he can take lessons from Father Pyrlig. Here, we recap the real history behind the … Following the Battle of Maldon in 991, Æthelred paid tribute, or Danegeld, to the Danish king. One of the most memorable of those is definitely Eardwulf (Jamie Blackley) who tries to constantly manipulate Aethelred (Toby Regbo). Indeed, in some cases it "may have seemed the best available way of protecting the people against loss of life, shelter, livestock and crops. Stenton offers a summary of the earliest account of Edward's murder, which comes from a work praising the life of St Oswald: On the surface his [Edward's] relations with Æthelred his half-brother and Ælfthryth his stepmother were friendly, and he was visiting them informally when he was killed. 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The quality of the coinage, a good indicator of the prevailing economic conditions, significantly improved during his reign due to his numerous coinage reform laws. Æthelred was the lord of Mercia and the husband of Æthelflæd . The pope was disposed to dissolve their hostility towards each other, and took steps to engineer a peace between England and Normandy, which was ratified in Rouen in 991.[17][18]. Stenton notes that, though this series of isolated raids had no lasting effect on England itself, "their chief historical importance is that they brought England for the first time into diplomatic contact with Normandy. Aethelred, on the other hand, treated her as nothing more than another mistress, hurting her feelings without noticing. The battle that followed between English and Danes is immortalised by the Old English poem The Battle of Maldon, which describes the doomed but heroic attempt of Byrhtnoth to defend the coast of Essex against overwhelming odds. Their children were: All of Æthelred's sons were named after predecessors of Æthelred on the throne. Eadith was Eardwulf's sister, whom he used to manipulate Aethelred, but Mercia's confused king never noticed it. "[14] It harried Cornwall, Devon, western Somerset and south Wales in 997, Dorset, Hampshire and Sussex in 998. The Last Kingdom: Season 2 (Trailer) Episodes The Last Kingdom ... Alfred sends Aethelred to drive Erik and Sigefrid from London, but the young lord harbors ambitions of his own. What gives enduring interest to the battle is the superb courage with which a group of Byrhtnoth's thegns, knowing that the fight was lost, deliberately gave themselves to death in order that they might avenge their lord.". & swa geæþdera manna syn on ælcum ceape twegen oððe þry to gewitnysse. & gewitnes sy geset to ælcere byrig & to ælcum hundrode. The element ræd in unræd is the same element in Æthelred's name that means "counsel" (compare the cognate in the German word Rat). Æthelred was the son of King Edgar and Queen Ælfthryth. No one was punished for a part in the crime, and Æthelred, who was crowned a month after the murder, began to reign in an atmosphere of suspicion which destroyed the prestige of the crown. Aethelred turned into an animal against Aethelflaed on their wedding day, which was strange because Aelswith and Alfred had accepted him as a perfect gentleman. Aethelred was a womanizer, but Aethelflaed was his rightful wife meaning, any heir to Mercia would have to come by her. Nevertheless, at first, the outlook of the new king's officers and counsellors seems in no way to have been bleak. Episode 7 58m. [36][37] Since Brunner's thesis, the origin of the English jury has been much disputed. Though Ulfcytel was eventually defeated, outside Thetford, he caused the Danes heavy losses and was nearly able to destroy their ships. Æthelred was briefly succeeded by his son, Edmund Ironside, but he died after a few months and was replaced by Sweyn's son, Cnut. [citation needed], Yet, as virtually no strictly contemporary narrative account of the events of Æthelred's reign exists, historians are forced to rely on what evidence there is. Wulfstan went on to draft codes for King Cnut, and recycled there many of the laws which were used in Æthelred's codes. It was the worst marriage in The Last Kingdom and the reason why her marriage and Aethelred's reign was ruined. No order of this kind could be carried out in more than a third of England, where the Danes were too strong, but Gunhilde, sister of Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark, was said to have been among the victims. A treaty was signed that provided for seemingly civilised arrangements between the then-settled Danish companies and the English government, such as regulation of settlement disputes and trade. Cnut and his army decided to withdraw from England, in April 1014, leaving his Lindsey allies to suffer Æthelred's revenge. The battle fought there was inconclusive. Played by. But the wording here suggests that Æthelred was perhaps revamping or re-confirming a custom which had already existed. Wormald has gone as far as to present evidence suggesting that the English practice outlined in Æthelred's Wantage code is at least as old as, if not older than, 975, and ultimately traces it back to a Carolingian model (something Brunner had done). Aethelred didn't even care to crosscheck the source of information before invading Daneland. "[7] Nevertheless, favour for Edward must have been strong among the monastic communities. [21] By 1004 Sweyn was in East Anglia, where he sacked Norwich. After Alfred helped him secure the border for all those years, Aethelred was stupid enough to leave it unguarded at the word of Haesten. The Last Kingdom season four was released on Netflix earlier in 2020 and fans saw the death of antagonist Aethelred (played by Toby Regbo). Having grown up training to be a queen and a partner for her husband, the least Aethelflaed expected from Aethelred was just a little respect. [24] In the same year, Cnut returned to find a complex and volatile situation unfolding in England. Recent cautious assessments of Æthelred's reign have more often uncovered reasons to doubt, rather than uphold, Æthelred's later infamy. & heora ælc, þonne hine man ærest to gewitnysse gecysð, sylle þæne að, þæt he næfre, ne for feo ne for lufe ne for ege, ne ætsace nanes þara þinga, þe he to gewitnysse wæs, & nan oðer þingc on gewitnysse ne cyðe buton þæt an, þæt he geseah oððe gehyrde. One of the main characters in the series is Aethelred (played by Toby Regbo), Lord of Mercia, who is married to Aethelflaed (Milly Brady). Regbo has opened up about what he thought of his character and what he admired most … In a charter of 993 he stated that Æthelwold's death had deprived the country of one "whose industry and pastoral care administered not only to my interest but also to that of all inhabitants of the country. Aldhelm's loyalty was always with Mercia and not Aethelred, which is why he found it safer to defend Aethelflaed rather than help Aethelred in his mess. Previously, King Edgar had legislated along similar lines in his Whitbordesstan code: ic wille, þæt ælc mon sy under borge ge binnan burgum ge buton burgum. So far as can be seen the murder was planned and carried out by Æthelred's household men in order that their young master might become king. It was never fully restored in his lifetime. But the treaty also stipulated that the ravaging and slaughter of the previous year would be forgotten, and ended abruptly by stating that £22,000 of gold and silver had been paid to the raiders as the price of peace. Aethelred faces humiliation after his blunder in London backs Alfred into a corner. Though undeniably burdensome, it constituted a measure for which the king could rely on widespread support. When he refused to send for men to help undermine Edward's crowning as king, he understood that Mercia was only strong if it allied with a smart leader in Wessex, and Aethelwold wasn't that person. In her opinion, after mistreating her, Aethelred was no better than her brother, which is why she didn't even mourn his death. •I loved Ian Hart’s pause and grin after asking God to strike him dow… He went down as the worst Saxon leader in The Last Kingdom. The Last Kingdom is a popular Anglo-Saxon drama series inspired by real figures from that renowned time period. He had distanced himself from his family and didn't even have an idea of who could succeed him or be matched to Aelfwynn when he died. He treated her appallingly and even plotted to have her killed, but she was able to fight back against him. A period of six years then passed before, in 988, another coastal attack is recorded as having taken place to the south-west, though here a famous battle was fought between the invaders and the thegns of Devon. As a character on The Last Kingdom, Aethelred was the worst. Edward reigned for only three years before he was murdered by members of his brother's household. Aethelred being the leader of the kingdom that shared a border with Danes, needed Uhtred more than Alfred and Wessex did. This story is, however, a fabrication, and a similar story is told of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine Copronymus, another mediaeval monarch who was unpopular among certain of his subjects. In 2017, she also played Princess Catia (daughter of Vortigern) in King Arthur: Legend of the Sword. We’re first introduced to Aethelflaed, the future iron lady of Mercia, in the first season of Netflix’s The Last Kingdom. The Danish army left England for Denmark in 1005, perhaps because of the losses they sustained in East Anglia, perhaps from the very severe famine which afflicted the continent and the British Isles in that year. Though the failures of his government will always put Æthelred's reign in the shadow of the reigns of kings Edgar, Æthelstan, and Alfred, historians' current impression of Æthelred's personal character is certainly not as unflattering as it once was: "Æthelred's misfortune as a ruler was owed not so much to any supposed defects of his imagined character, as to a combination of circumstances which anyone would have found difficult to control."[34]. 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